Prince of Hijaz and Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preparetion of salt Essay Example

Preparetion of salt Paper 1. INSOLUBLE SALTSSoluble salt 1(aq) + dissolvable salt 2(aq) insoluble salt + solvent salt (aq)acid 1(aq) corrosive 2(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(g) PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Pb2+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) PbSO4To set up a salt, you ought to right off the bat altogether blend the arrangement, at that point you should channel it to expel any encourage. Next, you should, wash with refined water lastly leave to dry in the oven.2. Dissolvable SALTSa. Filtrationi. corrosive + base salt + waterH2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)ii. corrosive + insoluble metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxideH2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)iii. corrosive + response metal salt + hydrogenH2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)The base or the metal carbonate must be insoluble with the goal that we can evacuate the abundance through the strategy for filtration. The metals that we can utilize must respond with acids however should not respond with water as this would pollute the salt with metal hydroxide. The metals that we can utilize are:Magnesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Zinc (Zn)Iron (Fe)We right off the bat measure roughly 25cm3 of sulphuric corrosive, by emptying it into a recepticle. This just happens on the off chance that I and not in cases ii and iii. Next we heat up the corrosive until it is for all intents and purposes bubbling. In all cases, we include the strong until it is in overabundance (more than what will respond). This is done with the goal that we can ensure the entirety of the corrosive responds. In cases ii and iii, we heat up the containers to accelerate the responses. To ensure that it is finished we channel the arrangements into a dissipating basin.CRYSTALISATIONTo structure this procedure, we heat up the arrangement in the bowl so as to think it. We do this until we arrive at the crystallization point and that is the point at which it is immersed at that particular temperature. We test this by dunking in a glass pole and aft erward blowing toward one side. In the event that a plant like development of precious stones appear, it implies that we have arrived at crystallization point. Subsequent to doing that, we permit the answer for chill off which delivers little precious stones. Be that as it may, we need huge gems. To do this we permit the answer for dissipate at room temperature for about seven days, until there are just a couple of cubic centimeters remaining. These are separated off on the grounds that they contain dissolvable contaminations. The precious stones are than washed with a little refined water and dried utilizing channel paper.b. TitrationIf the metal hydroxide or the metal carbonate are solvent, (for example antacids), we can't evacuate the overabundance by means of the procedure of filtration. In this manner, we need to respond these substances in their right stoichiometric sums (for example there is no overabundance of both of them). This is finished by a procedure known as titration .All sodium (Na) and potassium (K) salts must be set up by titration as their hydroxides and carbonates are soluble.i. base of solvent metal hydroxide + corrosive salt + waterNaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)ii. metal carbonate + corrosive salt + water + carbon dioxideNa2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Here are a few photos of the gear that we requirement for this experiment:graduation pointThe pipette is utilized for allotting with a fixed volume of arrangement. We right off the bat wash it out with the arrangement that we are going to utilize. For our situation we are utilizing hydrochloric acid.We then pipette 20cm3 of the corrosive into a cone shaped jar. At that point we at that point include a couple of drops of general pointer to the solution.A burette is utilized for estimating a variable volume of arrangement. We likewise (like with the pipette) wash out the burette with soluble base, which happens to sodium hydroxide for this situation. We right off the bat fill the burette with the recommended salt through a channel until the antacid arrives at 0cm3.The soluble base is exceptionally acidic. This implies it will erode into wood or anything in its manner. The best way to prevent this from occurring, is to kill it by pouring a corrosive over it.We then titrate the hydrochloric corrosive arrangement with the arrangement from the burette until we arrive at the identicalness point, (end point).The marker ought to suddenly change shading from red to a mid-run shading, orange. You should clean out the funnel shaped carafe with water and rehash to get reliable titres which are inside 0.2cm3 of one another. We rehash the entire thing utilizing similar volumes yet no markers so the last shade of the arrangement isn't changed. We at that point take shape the arrangement as normal.Here are a few outcomes from this examination overleaf:ATTEMPTROUGHONETWOFINAL22.3021.0042.10INITIAL-1.200.0021.00TITRE21.1021.0021.10c. EvaporationAnother technique for making ammonium nitrate is done when either the corrosive or the soluble base is unstable (vanishes without any problem). A case of this is for a corrosive - hydrochloric corrosive or for a soluble base alkali. In these cases we don't have to utilize the procedure of titration to set up the salt. We can basically include the abundance of the one that is unpredictable and the overabundance will vanish when we come to dissipate the solution.NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)We measure out roughly 20cm3 of nitric corrosive into a vanishing bowl. We at that point include smelling salts arrangement while mixing until in abundance. We can check for this by its smell and affirm it is in overabundance by utilizing red litmus paper which should turn blue. We at that point take shape the arrangement as regular where upon the abundance smelling salts will dissipate.

Custom Term Paper Results

Custom Term Paper ResultsAs an academic writing expert, I have personally been in charge of research and academic writing projects where we have submitted term papers to competitions for term paper results, which were to be posted on a competition website. I've had the privilege of reviewing this term paper results as well as helping to ensure that the research and writing experience would be as professional as possible.There are many factors that go into determining the validity of term paper results. For example, how did the term paper writer construct the final paper? Did they use solid data, good spelling and grammar, or an excellent, coherent writing style?Additionally, should the research and data not be valid? Do the data collection methods used not follow accepted academic practices, guidelines, and protocols?An accomplished and experienced writer will be more than familiar with the 'standard research methods' in which they are a professional at. If there are several differen t methods that were actually used by the person submitting the term paper, the custom term paper results page is the place to put their name on a list of writers who have successfully completed a similar project.Also, if the term paper results page is poorly formatted, it could cause the reader to assume that the research methods utilized by the individual were incorrect. The end result could be that the research and data analysis techniques employed were flawed, or else the research was improper and should not have been submitted.Research and data should not be utilized solely based on one single study, even if the paper has an impressive opening paragraph. The formatting and grammar mistakes found in the term paper should be noted, but the more glaring problems should be addressed during the research phase, not in the research phase. Every day I see new research and writing problems, some of which have been with me for years.Finally, make sure the research is documented properly. It is possible that the term paper may be the first of its kind, but the research should be documented, consistent, and documented in a manner that allows for the research team to check and re-check the data analysis techniques to ensure that the data is accurate.Custom term paper results can be a positive when properly used. However, these results do have the potential to cause damage to the reputation of the competition, so proper documentation and research will be essential.

Personal Statement On Sexual Orientation - 922 Words

In taking answering the questions to the Personal Autobiography on Sexual Orientation, I was able to reflect upon my life up to now as being a gay male from the Midwest. My first memories about really being exposed to sexual orientation would have to have been back in elementary school where sexual orientation was introduced by peers more or less as a name calling, playground name calling sort of thing—I was introduced to sexual orientation in a negative way. In terms of my parents, I would say the messages from there were positive as my grandma has a brother who is gay and has been â€Å"out† since the 1980s, so they have gone through the process of acceptance of LGBTQ individuals. When I look at sexuality and my peers, I would say in middle and high school the messages were mixed. Negative messages were how LGBTQ individuals were treated if it was known they were of whichever letter in the alphabet, but also the negative messages came in the often heard usage of t he word â€Å"faggot† to insult someone. To me, my peers then were exercising this idea of cultural destructiveness, or where they felt they (heterosexual) were the most superior sexual orientation compared to others. I would say the faculty at school when this would occur was more or less culturally blind, or they felt as though the sexual orientation of a student should not matter; however, I felt as though the faculty maybe didn’t understand the struggles an LGBTQ person goes through and how painful hearingShow MoreRelatedMilitary Discrimination against Homosexuals Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary were judged not only with reference to their behavioral conduct but also from their sexual orientation results. 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Is homosexuality a choice or does sexual preference have a biological basis? This question is at the forefront of academic, scientific, political, legal and media consciousness (3). The debate over homosexuality has influenced a myriad of research in finding a biological cause for differences in sexual behavior. The

The Lion That Wrote History Frederick Douglas - 908 Words

The Lion that Wrote History Rising from slavery, Frederick Douglass became a human rights activist speaking against the inequalities facing African Americans, paving the road towards civil rights and equality. He faced the evils of slavery and used his ability to write and speak articulately to move the abolition movement forward. Douglass was proof of the potential of African American. Slavery created an economic foundation for America that caused many repercussions due to the methods used to instill it. From 1619 to the 19th century approximately 12.5 million African slaves were transported in ships ridden with diseases from their homelands to the Americas through the Atlantic slave trade (Gates). Of those 12.5 million, 10 million survived, but only 388,000 arrived in North America to take part in the establish institution of slavery in North America for the next 250 years as tools to gain capital (Gates). In North America slave labor was utilized in plantations for cultivating cash crops, one of which was cotton. In 1793 Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin increasing the production of cotton as well as increasing the need for slave labor. By the 1840s cotton became one of the main exports of the U.S., the South grew 60 percent of the world’s production and exported 70 percent to British textile industry (Was slavery). Frederick Douglass was born in 1818 in Tuckahoe Maryland as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to Harriet Bailey and Captain Aaron Anthony theShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Leaders Post- Reconstruction Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesto take possession of this government to which we have a constitutional right. In 1861 Lincoln signed the Confiscation Act, which gave authority to confiscate and free slave supporting the Confederate Union. Abolitionists Horace Greeley and Frederick Douglass were urging Lincoln to free the slaves. Lincoln stated â€Å"If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless theyRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesof 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel into English, and after its publication in 1824, many British authors wrote novels inspired by it.[10][11] In the 20th century, it spread to Germany, Britain,[12] France,[13][14] and several other countries around the globe.[15] The genre translates fairly directly into cinematic form, the coming-of-age film. Plot outline[edit]Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageskey aspects of this revision. The authors would also like to extend their sincerest thanks to the following instructors: Lee Boam, University of Utah Andres Johnson, Santa Clara University Edward Lisoski, Northeastern University Douglas Mahony, Lehigh University Douglas McCabe, Georgetown University Bradley Norris, Baylor University Jonelle Roth, Michigan State University Philip Roth, Clemson University Dale Rude, University of Houston Holly Schroth, University of California at Berkeley Jody TolanRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagessolution to this exercise can be found in Appendix One. 52 Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 5.* You are the head of the project selection team at SIMSOX. Your team is considering three different projects. Based on past history, SIMSOX expects at least a rate of return of 20 percent. Your financial advisors predict inflation to remain at 3 percent into the foreseeable future. Given the following information for each project, which one should be SIMSOX first priority? Should

A project Management plan study

Question: What is a product Management Pan? Explain. Answer: A project Management plan is meant to define the objective of a study and the scope that the study will cover; this includes how it is going to be executed, controlled and monitored. This study is a project management plan for improving software project through a case study of a software development team, so as to come with a quick model to be adopted by project team members. The paper is divided into two parts; part A which introduced the software development concept, the tools to be considered and other common uses of the PMP. The other section provides a literature review of the project management plan, including the common tools of the plan. It will end by providing a conclusion and recommendation for future development project like these. Introduction In the present global market, the task of managing service project is a very important and vital task because there are many entities that come with it. The dynamic changes in the way things are done is always very unpredictable due to the relationships that exist among them. Even though most of these services have their problems identified they are usually little acknowledgement for such projects (Abdulmalek Rajgopal, 2007). The challenges that these projects face with their teams when dealing with the said projects like the software project, for example, will arise from the uncertainty that comes with planning, delivering and controlling the progress of the project delicate and clarity in requirements and dynamism characteristics that come with these types. When a group can be said to have had a successful needs in the project management, which balance between activities that add value and those that do not add more importance; they are also essential to eliminating activities whi ch may not really add value or seriousness with regard to other processes (Achanga, et al., 2006). The main reason for conducting this study was done by using software development project as a case to develop a quick model that is reasonable and can be used to plan and manage any kind of uncertainty which may occur in different phases of the project. The case study took different forms in improving software project management in literature like reusability of code, cost estimations, building of new programs etc. it is important to note that there was little attention paid to ways which may improve project management. The time factor was also an important aspect to observe in this study. Project Background The background of this research is concerned with improving the planning and control of software development project. This is because the existing software development model was taken into an analysis in order to identify some of the best practices which were used in coming up with a case study for this model. The study also made use of control and planning approaches that are well known through considering various uncertainty in the requirements of the customer, flexibility of resources and the variability of different risk levels. The approach that the study has used is the lean principles for planning and controlling of software development projects. There was also a novel approach introduced in the research by way of integration of simulation modelling technique through the Tanguchi analysis that is often used in investigating the what if project scenarios. These scenarios were important in the research as they reflected different combinations of factors that affect the completion of these projects in time including deliverables. The other area that the study looked at is the concept of quality function deployment in developing an automated operations project management deployment model(Ahuja Thiruvengadam, 2006). The model was also introduced so as to act as the iterative manners uses of the what if scenario of performance outputs in revealing some of the constraints that are likely to affect the completion of a particular task of phase. This means that the study has looked at ways that can provide a comprehensive and visual overview of important tasks and projects like the different resources available, scheduled work, comple tion of the project among other deliverables. One of the main tasks of this study is its emphasis on the involvement of customers and the top management including team members as part of project operational factors. Audience and structure of project management plan The plan audience was the project management team and customers. It approach was through seeking to develop a planning a control model by the name Operations project management development or OPMD. The development method is also used as a quick responsiveness tool that will be used to visualise the different types of what if scenarios and ways in which project team members can approach to the uncertainty of these risks when they occur through different manners that can affect the deliverables of the project. In other ways, the study will identify different challenges, bottlenecks and move its resources with regard to the time and type of need (Alkaabi, et al., 2010). This research will thus seek to achieve this by capturing the demands of its customer as being the goals of the project. This will also be the success indicator of the project when it is achieved (Gandolf, 2008). The other way would be through understanding the process of software through identifying variables and factor s that can affect the completion of the project in time. The other way would be through analysing the existing models of software projects and adopting the best practices in the proposed model. The study will also adopt the quick response to the change or uncertainty through optimisation of the critical constraints to the outcomes of projects (Chege, 2007). This will be important as it will enable failure avoidance through raising the risk levels when there are no matching outcomes with regards to the demands of customers. Lastly, this can also be done when the project is able to achieve different situations through moving project team from the upstream to the downstream or the opposite with regard to where they will be of much importance (Ballard, 2009). According to various literature, there is evidence that a good project management team will need to show the diversity of responsibilities, however, the most important tasks will involve estimating, planning, scheduling and the execution of that plan. These activities will also have to show consistency and iterations with regard to the course of the project instead of being seen as too rigid or just a pre-phase to the production. This means that for a project to be considered a success it should show consideration of demands that customers make, high levels of uncertainty with regard to project phases, the setting up of different projects with regard to the complexity and needs of different customers (Atkinson, 2009). The scheduling of different projects will also involve tasks and duration of different resources and the risks management that will identify, mitigate and assess their factors. The development of project management team will also call for the adoption of different lifec ycle and techniques derived from other fields of development that the service industry when it comes to an enhancement of operations management. With regard to this research, it should be seen that it adopts lean thinking that can be helpful when one wants to understand and highlight different problems that can come by and also be used to determine the added and non-added value of activities in this line. It is also important to look at the orientation of different projects and how the project team will approach it. This is because projects are not always limited to a particular boundary in the organisation since they are considered to be a horizontal process that the vertical department. All time through history several project management improvements have been working with industrial organisations and activities which are mainly intense on an isolated, single functions, departments, tasks or what can be referred to as the vertical improvement. It is also important to note that less attention is usually paid to improving the horizontal stream which is the cross-functional process in the organisation that looks at the organisation not from the project team view but from the organisation as a whole(Bannerman, 2008). The study here is going to consider the former ideology as being the base to be used to manage, control and plan the service operations. With regard to the above discussion on the process orientation, there is no boundary at all when it comes to the issue of responsibility. It is also important to realise the need to the process owner like the responsibility and leadership to always be adopted to have been suggested in a proposed plan and control model characteristics in the review. This looks that the individual dedicated to the development and management of the entire project management processes. Lastly, the project will also look at the lean management with regard to the project customers. Presently it is not the size of the company that can be credited for increased competitive advantage nor the inflexible system of services and goods where the immediate response is considered in weeks or months by the days or even much less. These systems are usually looked at as being a liability than an asset (Barney, et al., 2008). In the Toyota Company, for example, there has been a new philosophy that came in the 1980s which were named lean. This philosophy was important as it addressed the critical issue in this discuss. Lean management came to the field of management highly since it was promising businesses of cost reduction and quality improvement. To add to the above, when it comes to lean we find that it aims at matching the supply with the demands of different customers by ways of capturing the requirement and needs of customers and also stabilising operations which are aimed at achieving a continuous interactive improvement at the end of the day(Ben-Menachem, 2008). Also in a lean organisation, it will be the customer and not the team members that control the specific goods, space and services that are being produced. This will not look at historical data and follow the arbitrary targets (Cadwell, 2008). Contents of project Management Plan The management of the project will always involve scheduling, planning and controlling of the activities of the project so as to achieve the laid down objectives. This means that project management plan will always involve the application of skills, knowledge, techniques and tools to the activities of the project so as to meet all the requirements of the project. Project management thus is the process that involves the initiation, execution, planning, controlling, monitoring and closing of project activities. According to (Brentani, 2001), the tasks that are involved in the management of projects are usually very limitless in operational practices but can also be summarised in several key roles. For example, an objective of any project should be established and communicated to all members of the team. These objectives must also be designed in a manner that makes it achievable and clear so that each member will be able to understand and implement efficiently. It is also important to u nderstand the need for each project to be unique with regard to project purpose and its existence (Carbone Tippett, 2004). This means that requirement of the project should be identified and analysed with the most clarity. Lastly in any project management plan, three most important elements that play in mind will include the scope of the project, quality, and cost of the project. The usually referred to triple constraint is also one of the major factors that determine the success and quality of the project. This is because they will always constrain one another as the relationship between then is of mutual benefits in a way that a change from one will affect the other(Chow Cao, 2008). Process of project management and contents When it comes to the project management process contents there are four elements which were defined by (Cooper Schindler, 2013). And even though they may be represented as being discrete in themselves, they are usually performed in a very interactive manner. In most cases, and in practice, each of these processes will overlap and are also revised constantly with regard to each project despite being the differences of each project. Also, each project will be managed and administered on different occasions with regard to the diversity in each factor that can impact on the process and project outcomes at the end of the day. Such factors are vital and form an aspect that is related to the size of the project, experience, complexity level of the project, the professional level of each team, management team and organisational structure of the project, etc. Project Group The project management process groups dynamics is an improved version of the project management process by Deng, et al., (2003). This is because the dynamic appears to be a bit complex and makes use of interrelationship between the group processes (Deng, et al., 2003). As can be realised, it still remains to be among the four contents even when each of the elements is elaborated more with regard to their different functions. For example, the component of planning in this process looks at the plan from a previous version, executing that corresponds to the do monitoring, component and controlling respectively which represents the act and check. The act and check components will stay on the outer cycle of the whole process. It is important is this indicates there is a repetition of interaction and works with each aspect in the whole project management process. The process of monitoring and controlling is also vital as it can be involved interactively with other processes in the project. each function in this line will be used to provide feedback so that the team is able to implement the preventive or corrective action that brings the whole project in compliance with the appropriate or project plan which modifies the management plan as well(Bangalore, 2006). The process of initiating and closing are also the other additional processes that can be created with regard to the determination of a finite characteristic of each project. The group process This will come in when initiating the process group which is the first step that is involved whenever a team begins on a new project. It will take care of the formal authorization process that can be useful in the launching of a new project. Before initiating the process, the team will have to do some documentation where the research process will be useful even much before the projects finally carries on. These initial steps will involve some basic description of the scope of the project, the anticipated outcomes, project duration and the predicted resources for the basic purpose of investment analysis and more(Ahlstrom Bruton, 2001). An initiating process of a group is also important in dividing the large and complex project into different phases and must be reviewed whenever a new step or phase of the project is initiated. Once the review is done, it is then upon the team to decide if the project can be taken to the next phase or if it still needs to be delayed, revised or stopped . These brief reviews and processes are repetitive when it comes to the sequences in the project phases. When the team considers improving the shared ownership, deliverable acceptance and satisfaction, stakeholders and other clients will be the most important people to be considered during the initial process of implementation. The project outputs during the initial process groups are the objectives, purposes, and authorisation that are geared towards the beginning of the project phases. With regard to this, there are two main processes of project management that should be considered in the initial processes (Blyth, 2006). There is need of the project team to develop a project scope statement; this is will be done through following the developing project charter process(Bryant Kazan, 2012). By developing the preliminary scope of the project statement process the team is also able to address and document the project, the project result requirements, service and product requirements, project boundaries, and methods in which the customers will accept the project including its scope. Planning process When it comes to project management planning, it is the planning process that will develop the management planning. In this regard, the group will thus focus on the defining, identity and the growth of the scope of the project, the cost and will also help in the scheduling of each activity that can occur when the project is being implemented. This shows that the project planning process does not only take place at the beginning of the project but will be revised and reviewed with regard to the time and place that the project is directed(Butler, 2012). Due to the changes that take place in this course, if the team wants to provide an accurate and effective information with regard to the project they will need to come up with effective information that discusses cost, schedule, risks, resource availability, technology etc. it shows that the planning process can be updated with regard to changes and approvals on changing. The patterns of interaction during the project planning process group will be different with regard to the nature of the project. When it comes to the level of influences the customers and other shareholders are bound to influence the direction of the project, this is because it is required that they are informed and involved in each step of the project (Carter Little, 2015). Conclusion In conclusion, projects are very important in with regard to their high levels of uncertainty throughout the different phases of the project management process. It is even more of a challenge when the process lacks enough data to support it. Lack of data will consider the need schedule and planned outcomes of the project. Other factors will be the time required to finish the task, not being able to meet the demands of project customers and the unforeseen risk factors that are bound to push the project into failure. When the team has a unified and standard model or process can be able to enhance the effort of reducing to achieve the project goals and enhance the process of activities. This paper thus attempts to map down the software project process through various techniques like literature reviews and analysis where each stage is taken to be as discrete and single process on its own. The model that is used in this study is a vehicle to test other level types and their relationship or variability which may, in the end, affect the performance of the project. This paper thus underwrites to the different knowledge of identifying the critical factors that affect the management of software project to its completion and during the implementation. The paper that is optimised as being a critical factor where a positive effect will look at the block, waiting, stoppage, increasing or working on the project. The study analysis that has been able to build and the automated planning model of the operations project management deployment. Recommendations With regard to other studies, there are three recommendations that are made in this line. First of all, it will be important for any project management plan to consider the cost of running the project. This is the main element of time, quality and cost. The cost of the project plays a very important role in the decision making of the top management and the team members in either adding more resources or living with the project success. The other areas are on human resources management which is an automated control and planning tool that insists not only in the fulfilling of the needs of the customer but will also look at improving the efficiency of the project team members. OPMD will look at the different variables that are considered on team members efforts and understand what is needed so as to meet the demands of the customer and the needs of the team members. Lastly, it will be vital to look at the culture of the project. As with the introduction of change in the processes of the project management plan, it will be important to improve productivity and the quality of the project management. The implementation of the lean philosophy, for example, faces huge obstacles and difficulties like refusing to accept to change through high management and individual. This may not be enough to support the key responsible people and temporary acceptance for the lean practice which then abandons them. It is, therefore, important to overcome the organisational culture, previous obstacles and the management may also be in need of further research. References Abdulmalek, F. J.Rajgopal, 2007. 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Project Management: Cost, Time, and Quality, two best guesses, and a Phenomenon, its Time to Accept Other Success Criteria. International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), pp. 337-342. Ballard, G., 2009. Improving Work Flow Reliability. Proceedings IGLC, 2(1), pp. 275-286. Bangalore, 2006. Rediscovering Indian Management. Indian Institute of Management. Bannerman, P., 2008. Risk and Risk Management in Software Projects. A Reassessment. Journal of Systems and Software, 81(12), pp. 2118-2133. Barney, S., Aurum, A. Wohlin, C., 2008. A Product Management Challenge: Creating Software Product Value through Requirements Selection. Journal of Systems Architecture, 54(6), pp. 576-593. Ben-Menachem, M., 2008. Towards Management of Software as Assets: A Literature Review with Additional Sources. Information and Software Technology, 50(4), pp. 241-258. Blyth, J., 2006. Principles and Practice of Marketing. London: Thomson Learning. Braun, M., 1998. Differential Equations and Their Applications: An Introduction to Applied Mathematics (Texts in Applied Mathematics) (v. 11). s.l.:Springer. Brittani, U., 2001. Success Factors in Developing New Business Services. European Journal of Marketing, 25(2), pp. 22-59. Bryant, A. Kazan, A. L., 2012. Self-Leadership: How to Become a More Successful, Efficient, and Effective Leader from the Inside Out. s.l.:McGraw-Hill; 1 edition. Butler, D. A., 2012. Contract law (4th ed.). Chatswood, N.S.W: LexisNexis Butterworths. Cadwell, F., 2008. Organisational Engineering Management- Risk Intelligence: Applying KM to Information Risk Management. VINE: the Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 38(2), pp. 163-166. Cameron, K., 2004. Strategies for successful organisational downsizing. Human Resource Management, 33(2), pp. 189-211. Carbone, T. Tippett, D., 2004. Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA. Engineering Management Journal, 16(4), pp. 28-35. Carter, S. Little, M., 2015. Justifying Knowledge, Justifying Method, Taking Action: Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Methods in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Health Research, 10(15), pp. 1316-1328. Chege, M., 2007. Paradigms of Doom and the Development Management Crisis in Kenya, Journal of Development Studies, 33(4), pp. 552-567. Chow, T. Cao, D., 2008. A Survey Study of Critical Success Factors in Agile Software Projects. The Journal of Systems and Software , 81(6), pp. 961-971. Comans, T. et al., 2013. The cost-effectiveness and consumer acceptability of taxation strategies to reduce rates of overweight and obesity among children in Australia. study protocol. BMC Public Health, 13(1), p. 1182. Cooper, D. Schindler, P., 2013. Business Research Methods. s.l.:McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 12 edition. Crane, A. Matten, D., 2004. Business ethics : a European perspective : managing corporate citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Deng, J., Menguc, B. Benson, J., 2003. The impact of human resource management on the export performance of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Thunderbird International Business Review, 34(2), p. 409429. Gandolf, F., 2008. Learning from the past: Downsizing lessons for managers. Journal of Management Research, 8(11), pp. 3-17.

Multicom Case Essay Example

Multicom Case Essay THE MULTI COM CASE Multicom is a small firm employing 150 people in the public rela-tions field. It was started by Jim Walsh, a marketing specialist, and Wendy Bridges, a public relations expert. They had worked together for several years at a medium-sized communications firm and decided to branch out on their own to realize their own ideas as to what a good PR firm could and should be. They felt that their combined expertise and extensive contacts provided an excellent base on which to do this. Before submitting their resignations at their old firm, they persuaded two colleagues, Marie Beaumont and Frank Rossi, to join them as minor-ity shareholders. Walsh and Bridges each held 40 percent of the equity in the new venture; Beaumont and Rossi were each given 10 percent. Rossi was an editor and writer with an excellent reputation, and Beaumont was a well-regarded film and video expert. At first, business was difficult, and they were glad of the corporate clients that they had taken with them from their old firm. Competition was keen, and their old firm seemed subtly to be doing everything it could to block their progress. However, they worked hard, and their reputation steadily grew along with the size of their staff and their earnings. By the end of their second year, the four partners were each earning almost double their previous salaries and building a significant capital investment as well. They felt that they were well on the way to achieving the kind of top-notch com-pany on which they had set their sights. We will write a custom essay sample on Multicom Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Multicom Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Multicom Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These early years were exciting ones. When they established Multicom, the four partners adopted a client- centered mode of organization. Each partner had certain clients for whom he or she felt a special responsibility, and in effect each became a project manager for these clients. Each developed a reasonable competence in all aspects of the agencys work so that one could substitute for another when necessary. New staff were encouraged to develop the same all-around skills and capacities in addition to their specializations. While this was often time-consuming and expensive, it created great flexibility. The search for new business and continuing contacts with clients took a significant pro-portion of staff away from the office most of the time, so the existence of a number of good all arounders was a real asset. Besides that, it often made work more interesting and enjoyable and added to the general team spirit of the office. The staff at Multicom worked hard, often starting early in the morn-ing and working late at night. They also played hard, throwing regular par-ties to celebrate the completion of major projects or the acquisition of new clients. These parties helped keep morale high and project Multicoms image as an excellent and exciting place to work. The firms clients often attended these parties and were usually impressed by the vitality and qual-ity of interpersonal relations. During the companys third year, however, things began to change. The long hours and pace of life at Multicom were getting to Walsh and Bridges. Both had heavy family commitments and wanted more leisure time. They increasingly talked about the need to get more organized so that they could exercise a closer control over staff and office activities, which, in their view, at times verged on the chaotic. Beaumont and Rossi, however, both of whom were single and at thirty and thirty-one, respec-tively, almost ten years younger than the senior partners, relished the lifestyle and were keen to maintain the firms present character. They would have been happy to shoulder a greater share of the work and responsibility in return for a greater equity in the company, but Walsh and Bridges were reluctant to hand them this sort of control. As time went on, it became clear that there were important philo-sophical differences about the way the office should be run. Whereas Walsh and Bridges regarded the ad hoc style of organization that had developed during the first two years as temporary-necessary until weve sorted out our ideas as to how we want to put this organization together -Beaumont and Rossi saw it as a desirable way of doing business in the longer term. Whereas Walsh and Bridges complained about the frequent absence of staff from the office and the lack of clear systems of responsibility and office pro-tocol, Beaumont and Rossi relished what they often described as their cre-ative chaos. To them, the firm was producing excellent results, clients were happy and knocking at the door, and this was all that mattered. By the fourth year, tensions were close to the breaking point. The four principals frequently found themselves in long meetings about office organ-ization, and the differences were as deep as ever. Walsh and Bridges argued for more system, and Beaumont and Rossi argued for the status quo. The differences were straining personal relations and were having an unfavor-able impact on life in the office generally. Many staff felt that Multicom was in danger of losing its special character and was no longer quite the same fun place at which to work. All four principals sensed this change, and they talked about it fre-quently. However, there was simply no consensus as to what should be done. As a result of general frustration, they began to break an unwritten but golden rule set in the early days of Multi com: that all four would always be involved in major policy decisions. Walsh and Bridges began to meet together and resolved that the only way forward was for them to exercise their authority and to insist that a reorganization of the office be initiated. They agreed to propose this at a meeting with Beaumont and Rossi the fol-lowing day. Walsh and Bridges were surprised. The idea produced little resistance from their two colleagues. It was almost as if it was expected. Beaumont and Rossi insisted that the decision should not be taken without a lot of thought because it represented a major departure. They reiterated their view that no change in office organization was necessary other than a streamlin-ing of a few financial procedures. They were by no means happy with the proposal, but it was clear that they werent going to fight it. The following week Walsh and Bridges called a meeting of all staff to outline their plans. In operational terms, these involved a clearer definition of job responsibilities, a more formalized procedure governing the exchange of staff between projects, and a closer control over the conditions under which staff were to be away from the office during business hours. A num-ber of other office procedures were also introduced. The meeting was unique in Multicoms history in tone and nature. For weeks there was talk about a rift among the four principals and about how winds of change were blowing through the firm. Some members of the staff welcomed the greater degree of structure; others resented the new developments. Staff continued to work hard at their jobs with the profes-sionalism they knew Multicom demanded, but everyone knew that things were not quiet the same. Multicom was no longer working-or playing- the Multicom way. Walsh and Bridges, however, were well pleased. They felt a lot more secure with the way things stood and could see time ahead when they would be able to take a lot of pressure off themselves and let the office run itself within the framework they had begun to develop. Beaumont and Rossi continued to work hard as usual, and their project teams were least affected by the new developments. Within a year, however, they had left Multicom and set up a new company of their own, taking a number of key staff and clients with them. Thanks to a large number of faithful clients, Multicom continued to produce sound financial results, but it gradually lost its reputation as a leading-edge agency. It could be relied on to produce good solid work but was, in the eyes of a number of disaffected clients, â€Å"uninspiring†. Beaumont and Rossi’s new firm, Media 2000, picked up many of these clients and, adopting the new organizational style pioneered at Multicom, re-created a fun business† employing eighty people The firm quickly established itself aa a talented and innovative agency. Beaumont and Rossi take satisfaction in the firm’s reputation and financial success and look back on their days with Multicom as â€Å"a great learning experience†. In retrospect, they view their differences with Walsh and Bridges as a part of a â€Å"Lucky break† that spurred them to find an even more lucrative and satisfying work situation.